北固山湿地植物对氮磷元素吸收能力的研究

Study on absorptional efficiency of plants in Mount Beigu wetland

湿地作为一种高效低耗的污水处理技术,其在脱氮除磷方面的应用倍受人们的关注。为研究北固山湿地植物对氮磷元素的吸收能力,以该湿地优势植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)和虉草(Phalaris arundinaceaLinn)为研究对象,测定3月至11月期间,其地上生物量以及各组织中总氮、总磷的含量,分析其氮磷积累的动态变化规律。结果表明,(1)芦苇、虉草的地上生物量均呈先增加后减少的趋势,且茎的生物量远大于叶和穗。(2)芦苇、虉草叶中的氮、磷含量均高于同期芦苇茎中的含量。芦苇对氮、磷的积累在8月份达到最大值,分别为38.97g·m-2、18.22g·m-2。而虉草对氮、磷的积累在5月份达到最大值,分别为23.19g·m-2、6.32g·m-2。(3)芦苇、虉草对氮、磷的吸收均呈单峰值曲线,对氮的吸收都远大于磷,且芦苇对氮、磷的吸收能力较好。(4)适时收割芦苇、虉草,可从北固山湿地中移除1248.90kg总氮和381.8kg总磷,同时还可以将其作为纸浆来源,创造一定的经济价值。

The wetland has drawn great attention on its application of denitrification and phosphorus removal as an effective and low-cost technology in treating wastewater. In order to study the absorptional efficiency of plants in Mount Beigu Hill, taking Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinaeea Linn （the two dominant species） as the investigative subject, measured the biomass, the total nitrogen （TN） and the total phosphorus （TP） of the different parts and analyzed corresponding dynamic patterns from March to September. The results showed that, （1）for both of the plants, the above-ground biomass increased earlier and reduced later during the whole growth stages, and stem had the highest biomass in all; （2）for both of the plants, the content of TN/TP in leaf was higher than that in stem and fringe. Meanwhile, Phragmites australis reached the peak accumulation in August, which got 38.97 g·m^-2 TN, 18.22 g·m^-2 TP. For Phalaris arundinacea Linn, the peak accumulation occurred in May, which got 23.19 g·m^-2 TN, 6.32 g·m^-2 TP,（3） both of the absorptional curves of TN and TP are single-peak-value for Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea Linn, and the plants got better absorption of TN compared to TP, furthermore, Phragmites australis got better absorptional efficiency of TN/TP than that of Phalaris arundinacea Linn;（4） reaping the plants at fight time can move 1248.90 kg TN and 381.8 kg TP out of the wetland and make some economic benefit by taking them as pulp sources.