江西三清山东亚—北美间断分布属植物缺萼枫香群落研究

Study on plant community of Liquidambar acalycina Chang: an east Asian-north American disjuncted genus in Sanqing Mountain, China

通过对三清山缺萼枫香林群落的野外调查和分析,其结果表明,(1)该群落乔木分层明显,其中第1层高达20～25m,最高可达35m。年龄结构显示,主要优势种缺萼枫香处于衰退状态。(2)群落生活型以高位芽植物占绝对优势(75.38%),地上芽植物较多(21.54%),反映出该群落具有山顶群落特征。(3)重要值计算表明,各优势种的重要值比例为缺萼枫香(52.08%)、细叶青冈(34.14%)、猴头杜鹃(31.01%)、多脉青冈(24.95%)和红花油茶(20.63%),其相应的科所占比例为壳斗科(21.9%)、金缕梅科(17.36%)、山茶科(14.86%)及杜鹃花科(12.96%),在科属地理分布区类型上群落具有从热带向温带过渡的特征,热带性科占57.84%,温带性科占42.16%。(4)多样性指数以及频度分析表明,以Shannon-Wiener公式计算,其多样性指数为4.46,介于广东鼎湖山常绿阔叶林与江西中亚热带常绿阔叶林之间;频度值分析为A>B>C<D>E,与Raunkiaer频度定律有一定差异。整体分析表明缺萼枫香群落是中亚热带地区典型的山地常绿落叶阔叶林群落。

According to a filed survey and analysis of plot data, the characteristics of plant community of Liqudidambar acalycina Chang in Sanqing Mountain in Jingxi province, China was studied. The results showed that, （1） The delamination of the community is obvious, the first layer is up to 20-25 m, and the highest one can be up to 35 m. But base on the age forum, the Liqudidambar acalycina Chang is a declining populations. （2） The phanerophytes are preponderant （75.38%）, and the hemicryptophytes are abundant （21.54%）. All of these indicated that this community has the character similar to that of the community at mountain top. （3） The community composes is characterized by the dominant or typical families, which they are such as Fagaceae （21.9%）, Hamamelidaceae （17.36%）, Theaceae （14.86%） and Erieaceae （12.96%）. And the dominant species are accorded with the above families, such as Liquidambar acalycina （52.08%）, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia （34.14%）, Rhododendron simiarum （31.01%）, Cyclobalano psis multinervis （24.95%）, and Camellia semiserrata （20.63%）. All these results showed that this community has the transition from the tropics to the temperate, which the tropical genera has 57.84%, and the temperate genera has 42.16%. And （4） based on analysis to the Shannon-Wiener index （= 4.46） and evenness （=0.75）, in natural property, the community is located between the lower-subtropics evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghu Mountain, Guangdong and the middle-subtropics evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jiangxi. And the frequency grades （A 〉 B 〉 C 〈 D 〉 E） different from the Ranukiaer＇s law of frequency. As a whole, this community is a typical mountainy evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Mid-subtropics.