云南临沧地区公路两侧紫茎泽兰分布格局

Patterns of Eupatorium adenophorum along roadsides in Lincang region, Yunnan province, China

云南省临沧地区是我国紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)传入最早和入侵危害最严重的地区。文章在该地区选取典型路段并设置了10个样地,以等级、路宽、路面状况、路龄、人类活动干扰不同的7条公路为研究对象,分析了紫茎泽兰生物量、株高和株数与距公路距离、公路宽度、景观类型、坡向及海拔的关系。结果表明,公路对紫茎泽兰生物量和株高有显著影响的最远距离为24m,而对株数的影响达34m;6m宽的公路对紫茎泽兰生物量和株数影响最显著,且路龄越长、交通干扰越大的公路两侧的紫茎泽兰入侵危害越严重;紫茎泽兰在公路附近的撂荒地和次生林两个景观类型中入侵危害严重,景观类型对生物量与坡向对株高的影响不显著,位于南坡公路附近的紫茎泽兰生物量和株数最高,研究发现公路附近紫茎泽兰总生物量随海拔升高而增加,在1700m达最大,随后则降低。

We examined the distribution of Eupatorium adenophorum along roadsides and the relationship of its invasion to the distance from roads, road width, landscape, aspect and elevation in Lincang, Yunnan, China. This is the earliest and most serious area on this exotic plant invasion. Ten plots were established along 7 roads stratified by grade, surfacing material, road age and human disturbance. In the study of this exotic plant spread from roadsides into adjoining land, the distance of road effect for biomass and plant height was 24 m, and for number of individual was 34 m. The influence of the 6m-wide road on the biomass and number of individual was most significant. This exotic plant invasion was more serious along roadsides where road age and human disturbance were greater. E. adenophorum most frequently occurred at two landscapes： abandoned land and secondary forest along roadsides. There were no significant differences in the biomass between the two landscapes, and in the plant height between aspects. The bio- mass and number of individual on south facing slopes was greater than that on west and east facing slopes. And the biomass increased with elevation, reached its greatest at 1 700 m, and then declined.