广东鹤山林-果-草-鱼复合生态系统生态服务功能价值评估

Ecosystem services and ecological valuation of the forest-fruit-grass-fish ecosystem in hilly region, Heshan, Guangdong, China

鹤山丘陵地“林-果-草-鱼”复合农林生态系统是1986年建立在退化丘陵地,利用物质与能量循环流动等生态学原理,进行构建和恢复而成功的实例,本文采用物质量和价值量相结合的评价方法,首次选取复合农林业系统进行评价,首次对广东鹤山林-果-草-鱼复合农林生态系统的生态服务功能进行价值评估。结果表明,广东鹤山林-果-草-鱼复合生态系统总体指标显著优越,其服务价值功能达2397.9783万元,在维持大气平衡、固土保肥、涵养水源等方面具有重要的作用。其间接生态服务功能价值远远大于直接生态服务功能价值,比值约为31∶1。而维持大气平衡服务价值是鹤山林-果-草-鱼复合生态系统的主要部分,占总体服务价值的96.626%,而木材生产等直接经济价值仅占总价值的3.135%。由此,直接经济价值并不是其服务价值的主要部分,应充分发挥鹤山林-果-草-鱼复合生态系统的其他生态服务功能,加强对间接生态服务功能价值的理解和保护,从长远策划和开发土地来达到长远而合理的利益收获。

Basing on the principle of ecology and geographic conditions, the forest-fruit-grass-fish agroforestry ecosystem, which consists of four major subsystems in a watershed, e.g. the forest on the top, the orchard in the middle, the grass on the foot, and the fish pond next to the grass field, was set up in 1986. This paper conducts the research on ecosystem service function under the law of market value, method of substitution of the expenses, project law of the shade, substitute the project law, law of cost of chance, direct value of appraising and indirect value of the forest-fruit-grass-fish agroforestry ecosystem. By employing the methods of PAM and VAM, this study finds that the ecosystem service function values 23.98 million RMB each year and the indirect value is nearly 30 times more than the direct value. Obviously, most economic value of the agroforestry ecosystem in Heshan is presented indirectly. As can be observed in this paper, exploitations to the agroforestry ecosystem are able to recover the degraded hilly lands. Especially, this rehabilitation method is beneficial to all the three aspects of the natural, social and economical conditions. Also it contributes to the continuous development of the ecosystem.