黄河三角洲及珠江三角洲生态足迹分析

Analysis on the ecological footprint in Yellow River Delta and Zhujiang Delta regions

利用遥感解译数据,分析了解珠江三角洲及黄河三角洲自然资本的供需状况,通过分析两大三角洲地区的生态足迹,探讨在经济发展程度不同的情况下,人类对生态环境的影响程度。并借鉴珠江三角洲经济发展过程中出现的问题,对黄河三角洲今后发展可能出现的问题提出预防措施,以减少对资源的不合理需求,提出正确的功能定位,制定正确的发展方向。研究结果表明,(1)黄河三角洲和珠江三角洲的生态足迹需求均高于全国0.8hm2/人的平均水平,珠江三角洲地区生态足迹需求为1.5403hm2/人;黄河三角洲地区生态足迹需求为1.3514hm2/人。(2)化石燃料的供需状况是影响两大三角洲地区生态赤字的关键因素,珠江三角洲地区对化石燃料的需求占总生态足迹需求的72.67%,位居全国第一位;黄河三角洲地区对化石燃料的需求占总生态足迹需求的49.85%。(3)珠江三角洲除林地尚有少量生态盈余外,其他生态足迹需求均存在明显的生态赤字。受城市化及工业化进程的影响,黄河三角洲化石燃料用地和耕地资源已出现生态赤字。(4)与西方一些发达国家相比,两大三角洲的生态足迹均呈现“低需求,低供给”的特点。

The ecological footprints of Yellow River Delta and Zhujiang Delta were compared by analyzing the supplying and demanding status of natural capital based on the analysis data of remote sensing and inquiried the influence degree of human to the ecological environments under different developing sistuation of sociaty and economy for two Delta regions. The lessons drawn from the problems occured in the economic development process of Zhujiang Delta could be used for developing provention measures about the similary problems for the development of Yellow River Delta in the future, which would be helpful for reducing the unreasonable requirement on the resources and defining the correct functional location and developing direction.The results showed that： （1） Both the demanding of ecological footprint in Zhujiang delta and Yellow River delta are higher than the average level of the whole China, which is 0.8 hm^2/person. The average demanding of ecological footprint of Zhujiang Delta is 1.540 3 hm^2/person and that of Yellow River delta is 1.351 4 hm^2/person. （2） The requirement and demanding status of fossil-fuel is the decisive factor that influences the ecological deficits for these two Deltas. The requirement on fossil-fuel of Zhujiang Delta takes up 72.67% of total ecological footprint demanding, which is the highest in China, and the proportion of Yellow River Delta 49.85%. （3） The other ecological footprint demandings are all forming obvious ecological deficits except forest land in Zhujiang delta. Influenced by industrialization and urbanization, the demandings of fossil-fuel and farmland have formed ecological deficits in Yellow River Delta. （4） Compared with some west developed countries, the footprint of the two deltas showed the characters with＂ low demanding and low supply＂.