东北地区生态环境态势及其可持续发展对策

Situation of and countermeasures for eco-environment in northeast China

阐述了东北地区存在的主要生态环境问题,分析了未来发展趋势,并从可持续发展视角提出了相关对策。研究表明,东北地区可采森林资源枯竭,荒漠化严重,黑土质量退化,湿地萎缩,城市河段水质污染严重,大城市大气污染严重,部分地区酸雨问题突出,资源型城市矿山环境问题严重;而受全球环境变化影响、振兴东北政策驱动以及某些新的污染问题的凸显,未来东北地区生态环境仍存在恶化趋势。今后须结合东北地区实际,完善生态环境监测体系,加强科学系统研究;加大技术创新力度,大力发展循环经济;转变经济增长方式,推进产业结构优化升级;营造绿色文化,加强基础制度建设;实施重大工程措施,加大生态环境保护与恢复力度。从总体上促进生态环境可持续发展,保障老工业基地全面振兴。

The paper illustrates the main eco-environmental problems existing in northeast China, including the ecological functional degeneration of forest, wetlands, and black soils, and environmental deterioration of water and air pollution. According to the regional response to global environmental change, heavy industrial structure without obvious change, and new pollution problems without enough focus, the little change of severe eco-environmental situation will occur in future. So, the paper provides some countermeasures regarding economy, technology, culture and engineering to secure the sustainable development of eco-environment in northeast China.