生物质能源转化技术与应用(Ⅰ)

Conversion Technology and Utilization of Biomass Energy(Ⅰ)

生物质能源是唯一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成液态和气态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源。随着化石能源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质能替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者研究和关注的热点。本文综述了我国年可获得生物质资源量达到3.14亿吨煤当量,其中秸秆和薪材分别占54%和36%;现有180多亿吨林木生物质资源量、8-10亿吨可获得量和3亿吨可作为能源的利用量。生物质能转化利用的主要途径是:热化学高效转化利用的热解气化发电(供热、供气)、快速热解制备液体燃料和生物质气化合成液体燃料,以及生物化学转化技术等。同时,论述了目前已经进行的生物质研究开发技术和产业化利用进展。

Biomass is the sole renewable carbon resource that can be transferred into liquid and gas fuels as well as other chemicals. As the fossil energy will be exhaustive, humans pay more attention to the problems of global environment. Many scholars and researchers in world have been focusing on the research and development of biomass energy to substitute for fossil energy. The annual available biomass resource is 3.14 hundred million tce, 54 % of which is straw and 36 % of which is firewood in China. Now there are more than 180 hundred million tons of total forestry biomass resource, of which 8-10 hundred million tons can be collected and 3 hundred million tons can be used for biomass energy. This article mainly discusses the main conversion methods for utilization of biomass,including pyrolysis gasification for power/heat/gas by thermochemical high efficient conversion technology： flash pyrolysis for liquid fuel（bio-oil） and biomass gasification for synthetic liquid fuel（ such as diesel DME ）, as well as biochemical conversion technology. The paper also discusses the status on R ＆ D of biomass energy utilization technology and industrialization in China.