实证、诠释与话语:社会分析模式比较——以自杀现象为例(上)

Discourse-,Positivism-and Hermeneutic Analysis:A Comparative Study of Social Analysis Patterns——Analyzing the suicide phenomenon as an illustration

实证主义社会学家将“自杀”视为一种纯粹给定的、独立于社会成员个人主观意识之外的“客观性现实”,诠释社会学家则将“自杀”视为一种由社会成员个人的主观意识建构出来的“主观性现实”;与它们都不同,多元话语分析学者则将“自杀”视为一种由社会成员在特定话语系统的约束和引导之下、借助于一些特定的话语策略而建构出来的“话语性现实”;与此相应,实证主义社会学家们在对“自杀”现象进行研究时总是致力于探究支配着“自杀”现象形成和变化的“客观规律”,诠释社会学家们则总是致力于考察导致“自杀”现象产生和变化的那些主观意识,而多元话语分析学者们则主张致力于探讨人们将一起行为建构为“自杀”现象的那些话语策略及其背后的话语系统。

Positive sociologists consider ＂suicide＂ a defined ＂objective reality＂ independent of social members＇ individual subjective consciousness, hermeneutic sociologists consider it a ＂subjective reality＂ made by individual subjective consciousness while pluralistic discourse analysts consider it a ＂discourse reality＂ established by social members when constrained and guided by specific discourse system and resorting to some specific strategies. Correspondingly, positive sociologists are always dedicated to exploring the ＂objective law＂ controlling the coming and change of ＂suicide＂, hermeneutic sociologists to investigating those subjective consciousness while pluralistic discourse analysts to studying those discourse strategies and system.