面向机械零件设计的可选择性拆卸策略研究

Research on Optional Disassembly Strategy of Mechanical Parts

机械零件可选择性拆卸规划能够实现从一个装配体上拆除一个或几个零件,这对于产品维修、报废处理和回收利用是非常有用的。尽管完全拆卸规划算法也能得到可行的拆卸序列,但由于完全拆卸规划方法需要将装配体的所有零件都进行拆卸,通过适当的分析和评价也能找到所需的可行拆卸序列,但这是非常困难的,特别当零件数量较多时,通常得不到最优解。本文在建立广义的机械零件CAD模型的基础上,定义了装配体中的拆卸波是装配体中某些零件的一种拓扑关系,可反映零件之间的拆卸顺序。并在此基础上提出了一种基于拆卸波的零件可选择性拆卸规划算法。该算法的计算量小,容易用它来进行高效的搜索,获得最优的零件可选择性拆卸序列。

With the optional disassembly strategy of mechanical parts, one or several parts could be removed from an assembled body, and this is useful for product maintenanance, discarding and recycle. Though the total disassembly planning algorithm can produce feasible disassembly sequences, it requires all the parts of an assembled body to be removed totally. The required feasible disassembly sequences can be obtained through proper analysis and evaluation, but this is a difficult process, and it is hard to obtain optimal solutions when a huge number of parts are to be removed from an assembled body. We establish the generalized CAD model for mechanical parts and assume that disassembly waves have topological relationship among the parts in an assembled body and that the relationship reflects the disassembly sequences of these parts. We further propose an optional disassembly planning algorithm for mechanical parts based on disassembly waves. The algorithm has high search efficiency and provides optimal disassembly sequences with only small overhead of calculation.