联合国人权公约缔约国报告制度述评

On the State Parties Reporting System of UN Human Rights Conventions

缔约国报告制度是联合国人权公约监督实施的主要手段,是一种通过寻求人权国际保护与国家主权之间的平衡,从而促使缔约国履行尊重和保护人权的有效手段。缔约国报告制度的主要特征是独立专家机构通过接受,审查缔约国提交的报告,与缔约国建立建设性对话关系,从而促使缔约国履行人权公约规定的义务。缔约国报告制度从产生发展到今天,其运行存在一定问题,主要原因是国家没有正确认识这种监督实施措施的性质,正确处理人权国际保护与国家主权之间的关系。国际社会应该对缔约国报告制度进一步改革,国家应该增强与国际社会合作的意愿。联合国人权公约缔约国报告制度才能充分发挥其监督作用。

State parties reporting system is the main supervising way for implementation under the UN human rights conventions. It is also the effective way to promote the state parties to respect and protect human rights by seeking the balance between the international human rights protection and state sovereignty. The main character of state parties reporting system is try to build the relationship of constructive dialogue between state parties and the international supervising committee by receiving and examine the reports submitted by state parties. From the beginning till now, there exists some obstacles of the state parties reporting system for the reasons that the state parties did not realize the character of the state reporting system and did not know how to balance the international human rights protection and state sovereignty. International society should revise the state parties reporting system and enhance the cooperation between state parties and international society in order to effect the supervising function of the state parties system under UN human rights system.