家兔膈的形态和神经支配分布的研究

The investigation of morphology and innervation in the rabbit diaphragm

目的对家兔膈的形态和肌内神经分支分布的研究，提供兔膈的形态学资料，为人膈的研究提供比较解剖学的资料。材料和方法家兔15只，其中5只用大体解剖法观察膈的形态，另外10只用sihler＇s肌内神经染色法研究膈的神经分支分布。结果（1）家兔的膈为扁薄的阔肌，分为四部分：中心腱、胸骨部、肋部和膈脚。中心腱较大，居膈的中央，周边为短肌束排列构成的环状肌质带。胸骨部为短肌；肋部为带状肌，其肌束呈栅栏状并行排列；膈脚近似梭形肌。膈肌没有羽状角。（2）神经分布：膈的肋部、胸骨部和膈脚各有膈神经的1～2支一级神经分支支配。各级神经分支在各部肌束中部吻合形成一较为稀疏的神经网或神经带。下6对肋间神经分支非常靠近膈的肋部。结论（1）家兔的膈分为四部分：中心腱，胸骨部，肋部和膈脚。膈肌均为横跨肌肉起止点的短纤维构成。（2）家兔膈主要由膈神经支配。

Objective To investigate the morphology and distribution of intramuscular nerves in the rabbit diaphragm. Methods 1. diseeting five rabbits and investigating its diaphragm morphology. The modified Sihler s nerve staining technique was used to show the innervation of ten rabbits diaphragms. Results （1）. Muscle morphology： Rabbit diaphragm have four compartments; central tendon, costal, erural and sternal region. Central tendon is a larger and in the middle of the diaphragm. The muscle is all short fascicle. The diaphragm has no pinnate angles to be measured. （2） Innervation： Three or four primary branches send from each phrenie nerve. One or two branches go into the costal region. Last one goes into sternal region. The diaphragm possesses an intrinsic plexus of nerve fibers which are concentrated in a narrow band situated approximately halfway in the muscle fascicle. Conclusion The diaphragm of rabbits can be divided into four compartments, The innervation of rabbit diaphragm is mainly phrenic nerve.