马克思“实践的唯物主义”的文化哲学品格

Characteristics of Cultural Philosophy Reflected in Marxist "Practical Materialism"

马克思的“实践的唯物主义”创造了一种新的文化哲学传统,这种文化哲学传统是对维科文化哲学的批判继承。在继承方面,马克思的“实践的唯物主义”采取了文化哲学的范式,把实践看作是人的自我创造活动,从人的文化性和生物性的统一上说明人的文化创造是如何可能的,把人的历史创造、人的发展看作是不断克服自身的自然性而走向文化性的过程;在批判方面,马克思的“实践的唯物主义”以工业阐发人的理性,并以此作为人的文化创造的感性基础,把近代哲学的抽象的理性改造为人的现实的批判的活动,从而创造了自己的文化哲学品格。西方马克思主义哲学正是从“实践的唯物主义”的这种富有个性的文化品格中发展出马克思主义的工业文化批判理论。

Marxist ＂Practical Materialism＂ creates a new tradition of Cultural Philosophy. This tradition is a critical inheritance of the Cultural Philosophy of Giambattista Vico. On the aspect of inheritance, Marxist ＂Practical Materialism＂ adopts the paradigm of Cultural Philosophy, according to which practice is regarded as the self creative activity of man, the possibility of man＇ s cultural creativity is explained due to the unification of the cultural and biological characteristics of man, and the historical creation and development of man is a process of moving away from his naturality to culturality; on the aspect of criticism, Marxist ＂Practical Materialism＂ analyzes reason from the cultural perspective, which acts as the perceptual basis of man＇ s cultural creation. In this way, modem abstract reason is transformed into the realistic critical activity, leading to the formation of man＇s characteristics of Cultural Philosophy. Western Marxist Philosophy just derives its critical theory of industrial culture from the unique ＂Practical Materialism＂.