俄罗斯行政诉讼制度的历时性审视

A Diachronical Survey of Russian Administrative Litigation System

俄罗斯的行政诉讼不是其本土化法制。它经历了从“权力本位”向“权利本位”的历时性转变,通过对传统与西方现代法制思想的反思,以宪政基础为基石,强化了整个制度体系设计的逻辑性,从对诉讼价值的准确定位、适当扩大适用范围、明确举证责任和检察官的参诉制度,全新地设计了行政诉讼制度。关注俄罗斯行政诉讼制度是如何从传统走到现代,反思其面临的困境,对于构建我国的行政诉讼制度将是有益的借鉴。

Russian Administrative Litigation is not a local legal system. It experiences a diachronical transformation from ＂power standard＂ to ＂right standard＂. Based on constitutional government, the logic behind the whole design of the system is strengthened by the reflection on traditional and modern western legal ideas. A brand new design of Administrative Litigation System can be completed by an accurate orientation of the value of litigation, a justified enlargement of applicable range, a clarification of the responsibility of lodging a proof, and the establishment of the system according to which the prosecutors should participate in the litigation. A reflection on the transformation of Russian Administrative Litigation and its dilemma will lead to the inspiration of our system.