试论“儒家社群主义”何以可能——从社群主义与儒家“自我观”比较的角度

On the Possibility of Confucian Communitarianism

儒学进行现代性转型应当利用现代西方社会的资源,社群主义便是其中的一种。儒家可以利用之以创造出一种儒学的现代形态——儒家式社群主义。自我观是社群主义与儒家的第一原则。根据对自我观的核心概念即自我、社群以及二者之间关系的探讨,我们发现社群主义与儒家在自我观的基本逻辑结构上具有一致性。这是笔者对儒家何以能够利用社群主义的资源以及儒家社群主义何以可能的问题的尝试性回答的关键。

The self-transformation of Confucianism is necessary for its renovation. Western culture as the strong culture of the world has abundant theoretic resources for Confucianism to be modernized, and one of the possible modern forms is Confucian comunitarianism. This article tries to illustrate why Confucianism can use the resource of communitarianism, why it can exist, and what is its significance. It is proposed that there were some affinity between Confucianism and communitarianism which focuses on the theory of self, and the theory of self is the first principle of Confucianism and communitarianism. By exploring the basic concepts of the theory of self, such as self/ community and their relation, it is found that they are identical in the basic logical structure, which lays the ground for Confucianism to use the resource of communitarianism, and assures the possibility of the modem transformation of Confucianism.