现代主义文学的荒诞体验及其历史嬗变

The Fantastic Experience and Historical Development of Modernism Literature

在西方现代主义文学发展的近百年历史上,荒诞体验一直伴随着作家的创作。荒诞体验是人对自身生存处境的一种感悟,它随着人的物化的日益加深而变得越来越强烈。如果说,以卡夫卡为代表的第一代现代主义作家对人的荒诞性感到惊诧不已,存在主义作家试图通过抵抗来摆脱荒诞感;那么,以荒诞派戏剧和黑色幽默小说为代表的后现代主义作家则已经认同和接受了荒诞的现实,他们所能做的,仅仅只剩下等待和调侃。

In the hundred-year history of westem modemism literature, the writers＇ invention is always accompanied by fantastic experience, which is the perception of human beings for their living conditions, and becomes stronger and stronger with the materialization of man. If the first generation of modemism writers such as Kafka were astonished about the absurdity of man, while the existentialists tried to free themselves from the fantastic by resistance, then the post-modemism represented by fantastic plays and black humor novels has accepted the reality, and what remains for them to do is only waiting and ridiculing.