庄子哲学的文学特质及其生成机制

Literary Particularity of Zhuang-zi’s Philosophy and Its Generative Mechanism

对抽象而又深奥的哲学道理进行艺术化的处理和加工,使《庄子》一书具有浓厚的文学色彩,也是其区别于一般哲学著作的首要特征。主要表现在:一是哲学理论的形象化,《庄子》总是借助于众多的艺术形象催活一个个僵化枯燥的哲学思想与观念,从而使抽象哲学观念与具体艺术形象相结合,最终使文本呈现出鲜明的诗思融合、道艺相间之特质;二是哲学概念的生命化,在庄子那里,不仅深奥的思辨理论和玄虚的思想义旨是借助寓言的形式传达出来的,就连一些本来是十分抽象、极具概括力的概念和范畴,庄子也能用文学的笔法把它们描绘成具有丰富思想感情、富有生命活力和灵动感的人与物,从而使抽象的概念获得了生命化的展现;三是哲学语言的诗性化,在庄子的语言系统中,虽然言是意的符号,但却不是一般的哲学符号,而是文学符号和审美符号,具有明显的模糊性、象征性、跳跃性、情感性、音乐性等诸多既密切相关又互有区别的特征。庄子独特的语言哲学观念及相应的隐喻言说实践则是促成这一特质生成的内在机制。

Dealing with and processing the abstract and profound philosophy theory artistically make the book Zhuang-zi have strong literature sense which are the prominent features distinguishing it from other works on philosophy, which are represented in the following three aspects. First, it makes the philosophy theory have imagery. Under the help of various artistic image, Zhuang-zi makes every ossified and boring philosophical thoughts and ideas alive, on the basis of which the abstract philosophical ideas are connected with specific artistic images. As a result, the discourse has a distinctive particularity of integration of poetry and thoughts as well as mixture of truth and art. Second, it makes philosophical concepts alive. Zhuang-zi not only expresses abstract speculative theory and mystery discipline by means of parable, but also describes the concept and categories that are very abstract and general as characters and things with rich thought, living energy, and mystery by the help of literary means. As a result, the abstract concept is expressed with life. Third, it makes the philosophical language poetic. In Zhuang-zi＇s language system, words are the symbol of meanings; furthermore, they are the symbol of literature and aesthetics but not philosophy in the general sense. So they distinguish themselves by fussobscurity, symbolism, non-inherence, feeling and music, which are connected closely and different from each other. Zhuang-zi＇ s unique language philosophy and its relevant practice of metaphorical expression are the innate generative mechanism of the above-mentioned particularities.