我国地方政府组织存在的问题与改革路径

Problems in the Structure of Local Government and Its Reform

我国地方政府在层级结构中存在着层级过多过乱、划分没有固定的标准、随意性大、权力导向过于集中等问题;当前地方政府在类型结构中存在地方政府类型与法律规定不一致、设置多沿袭历史传统、缺乏科学设计成分、多考虑政治与行政需要,而没有考虑到经济的需要等问题。地方政府体制结构改革的基本路径有:逐步精简地方政府层次、采取“虚省实地”和“撤镇强县”;理顺中央政府与地方政府之间的关系;理顺各级地方政府之间的关系等。

In the level structure of local government, there exist the problems such as too many disorderly levels, no fixed standards of division, arbitrariness, and overly centralized power. At the same time, in the types of local government structure, there are the follow- ing problems： the type of local government is not in accordance with the law; its estabhshment tends to follow the history conventions, and takes more political and administrative consideration but no consideration of economic need makes it unscientific. This paper proposes the following basic principles for the sake of reform, that is, to simplify the level structure of local government by weakening provincial governments to strengthen city government and canceling towns to strengthen counties, and to rationalize the relationship between the central government and local governments as well as the relationshio among local governments at all levels.