肯尼迪政府调节国际收支逆差的政策

On the Balance of Payments Deficit Adjustment Policy of Kennedy Administration

肯尼迪在美国面临巨额国际收支逆差的背景下入主白宫。严重的逆差导致美国的黄金大量外流,引起西方世界对美元信用的置疑。因此,调节逆差成为肯尼迪政府的重要使命。肯尼迪政府调节逆差的政策主要体现在肯尼迪提交给国会的两份特别咨文中,即1961年2月6日的“黄金和国际收支逆差特别咨文”和1963年7月18日的“国际收支特别咨文”。以两份咨文为蓝本,有关部门展开了系列的开源节流行动。美国的逆差调节行动使美国政府内部和北约盟国间的斗争起伏跌宕,充分暴露出权力政治的实质。

Kennedy came into office when the United States was in serious balance of payments deficit. The outflow of gold derived from deficit led to the world＇s confidence crisis on dollar. Therefore, Kennedy administration made up the mind to eliminate the deficit. Kennedy Administration＇s deficit adjustment policy was mainly embodied in two special messages the President sent to the congress. The first one was sent on February 6th, 1961, named ＂special message to the congress on gold and balance of payments deficit. ＂ The second one was sent on July 18＇h , 1963, named ＂special message to the congress on balance of payments. ＂ The departments concerned conducted a series of actions to increase income and reduce experditure. The deficit adjustment led to the struggle both within American government and among the NATO, ＇which reflected the essence of power politics.