前工业化时期英国农村劳动力转移和城市化的制约因素

An Analysis of the Three Restricting Factors to the Migrations of Village Labors in England before Industrial Revolution

英国从11世纪“城市兴起”至18世纪工业革命的7个世纪间,劳动力转移进程缓慢,城市化和工业化成果不及工业革命后一个世纪的成就,主要原因在于三个方面:政治上封建农奴制阻碍农村人口流动;经济上农业生产力落后,难以将大量农业人口从土地上解放出来;观念上封建传统思想在相当程度上限制了农村劳动力转移和人口流动。

The English migrations of village labors had made only a little progress throughout seven centuries from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, therein the level of urbanization and industrialization were far less than that of a century after the Industrial Revolution. There are a series of counterworking factors. One is the serfdom which hindered the migrations of village labors; another is the lagging agriculture productivity that couldn＇t release a great deal of village labors from the soil. Besides the factors above, the thought of feudal tradition also confined the flowage of village labors to some extent.