西方文化史研究的现状与趋势

The Study on the History of Western Culture:Present and Trends

当代国外的西方文化史研究具有实用性、多元化、国际化的特点,研究内容从单纯的政治文化、军事文化、宗教文化扩展到经济文化、社会文化、比较文化、心理发展文化以及影视文化等领域,研究视角大体包括概览性研究、分类性研究、阶段性研究、国别性研究、比较性研究、理论性研究。中国的西方文化史研究是随着西方文化在近代中国的扩张和传播而兴起的,上个世纪90年代以来成为一门重要的学科并取得了丰硕的成果,有关的著述大体可分为综述性、专门性、比较性和理论性四类。无论是国外的还是国内的西方文化史研究,许多涉及“西方文化史”本体的问题迄今仍未得到很好的解决。

The contemporary foreign study on the history of western culture has the characteristics of practicability, multimode and internationalization. Besides the political culture, military culture and religious culture, it involves economic culture, social culture, comparative culture, psychological culture, movie and TV culture, etc. From the point of study,it involves surveyed study, classified study, periodical study, national study, comparative study and theoretical study. Chinese study on the history of western culture comes into being from the pervasion and prevalence of western culture in modern China. It was not an important subject until 1990s. Now, it has a rich production. Generally speaking, all Chinese study on the history of western culture can be divided into four sorts. They are summarization, speciality, comparison and theory. However,neither foreign nor Chinese studies give a satisfactory answer to some problems concerning the history of western culture so far.