如淳“更三品”说驳议

A Refutation to “Three Kinds of Gengs” by Ruchun

如淳“更三品”说对汉代力役制度作了注释。由于他在分类上将属概念(卒更)与种概念(践更、过更)对等并列,在概念使用上将纳更赋者视为践更,同时又将所谓“戍边三日”的代役钱视为过更,从而造成很大混乱。如淳所谓的“戍边三日”之制,既无理论上的合理性也无实践中的可操作性,从传世文献与出土资料看,它其实是不存在的。如淳所谓的“天下人皆直戍边三日”、“虽丞相子亦在戍边之调”,也与汉代复除制度不合。汉代不存在虽丞相子也要承担之役。

＂Three kinds of gengs＂ by Ruchun has expounded the corvée system of the Han dynasty. But there is a mistake because he puts the category geng man and the species jiangeng and guogeng on the same level, and treats the people paying the money for geng as a kind of jiangeng, and ＂guarding the frontier three days＂ and the money paid for corvée as a kind of guogeng. Actually, the system of ＂guarding the frontier three days＂ is neither reasonable theoretically or operational in practice. Furthermore, it is impossible according to the information discovered. The opinion that＂everyone must guard the frontier three days＂ and ＂even the son of the prime minister should guard the frontier＂ is not consistent with the fuchu system of the time. There is no corvée that the son of a prime minister must take in the Han Dynasty.