文学中的人性与阶级性——从小说《飘》谈意识形态批评

Human Nature and Class Natur In literature——discussion on the ideological criticism about the novel Gone with the Wind

文章从分析美国长篇小说《飘》的思想主题与人物形象入手,对文艺批评中长期僵化的意识形态批评进行了批判。文章从文艺批评的方法论意义上指出,意识形态批评是将政治标准凌驾于艺术标准之上,从而将文学作品变成某种政治宣传。文中具体分析了意识形态批评中两个基本概念“人性”与“阶级性”的关系,指出“人性”大于“阶级性”。

This article begins by analysing the American novelGone with the Wind, and goes on criticizing the ossified ideological criticism that has long existed in the criticism of literature and art works. Then the auhtor points out in terms of methodology for analysing literary and artistic works that the ideological criticism takes the political criterion to predominate over the artistry criterion, which leads to tl^e phenominon that literature has been transformed to some political propaganda. Finally, this article concretely analyies two important concepts of ideological criticism： the human nature and the class nature, and points out that the human nature encompasses the class nature. The analysis of the relations beween the human nature and the class nature are to a certain degree creative, innovative and trail-blazing.