世居高原中长跑运动员平原训练期间身体机能变化

Changes in Body Function of Middle-Long Distance Runners of Plateau Native during Training at Sea Level

目的:观察世居高原的中长跑运动员进行平原训练时身体机能的变化。方法:以12名世居高原男子中长跑运动员为研究对象,系统测定其平原训练前、平原训练1周后、3周后的促红细胞生成素(EPO)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、网织红细胞(RC)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)等血液生化指标,以及平原训练1周后、3周后的VO2max等生理指标。结果:世居高原的男子中长跑运动员在平原训练期间,血清EPO水平逐渐下降,且3周后下降显著(P<0.05);平原训练1周后和3周后,RBC和Hb含量均显著下降,Hb在3周后下降幅度更大;RC和Hct变化不明显;血清T、C、T/C值在下高原后有不同程度的降低,但无显著性差异;VO2max等相关心肺功能指标在平原训练3周后均低于1周后的值,但呼吸商(R)有所升高,均无统计学意义。结果表明,世居高原男子中长跑运动员平原训练期间身体机能有所下降,且3周后的下降程度比1周后更加明显。提示世居高原男子中长跑运动员到平原参加比赛时最佳时间应在1周内。

Objective This study was to observe the changes in body function of middle - long distance runners of plateau native when they were training or matching at seal level. Methods Twelve male middle - long distance runners from Yunnan province （about 2000m of altitude） participated in the experiment. Blood biochemical parameters including EPO, RBC, Hb, Hct, RC, T and C were determined before, and 1 - week and 3 - week after training at sea level. Cardiopulmonary function was measured at 1 - week, 3 - week after training at sea level. Results The EPO decreased gradually in the first week, and decreased significantly after 3 weeks as compared with that before training at sea level. RBC and Hb declined significantly 1 week and 3 weeks later, especially Hb decreased much more obvious in the 3rd week. RC and Hct changed insignificantly. Serum T, C, and T/C ratio reduced more or less during training at sea level. Cardiopulmonary function decreased in the 3rd week as compared with that in the 1st week except the R. Conclusion When male middle and long distance runners of plateau native were training at sea level, their body function declined more significantly in the 3rd week. It was suggested that the optimal time for them to take part in a competition at sea level was the first week after leaving from the plateau.