陆稻主要经济性状配合力研究

Studies on Combining Ability of the Main Economic Characters in Upland Rice

为有效改良云南陆稻，选用国外半矮秆陆稻良种与云南高秆陆稻配成7×7不完全双列杂交作配合力、遗传力分析。配合力与材料有关，一般配合力（GCA）国外陆稻优于云南陆稻。国外陆稻着重选择有效穗数、结实率，云南陆稻重点选穗粒数。两类品种的特殊配合力（SCA）仅有效穗数、抽穗期、穗粒数达显著或极显著水平。用国外陆稻改良云南陆稻行之有效并得到育种实践证明;总结出低世代重点选株高、抽穗期和组合，高世代选有效穗数、穗粒数、实粒数、结实率和单株的复交、常规育种策略。同时对所用亲本作具体评价，选出一般配合力较好的亲本IRAT216、Tos2300、IRAT104和勐旺谷。就GCA、SCA对不同育种途径的作用、水陆交改良云南陆稻有效穗数的可行性进行了讨论。

Analysis of the combining ability and the hereditability was conducted to improve Yunnan traditional upland rice by using the model (Burton 1951, 1959) based on the data obtained in incomplete diallel crossed with seven abroad medium or semidwarf improved upland rice accessions and seven Yunnan traditional upland rice varieties in 1993. The results showed that the combining abilities were different for different materials on one character or different strains on the same material, they were concerned with materials for GCA (general combining ability), SCA (special combining ability). The GCA of abroad upland rice was better than that of Yunnan's, selection of the researched characters was important for abroad or Yunnan upland rices, with particular reference to panicles per plant, spikelets fertility about abroad upland rices, and spikelets per panicle about Yunnan's. The SCA of the two kinds of varieties combining were significant or highly significant on panicles/plant, days to heading and spikelets/panicle. It's effective to improve Yunnan traditional upland rice by crossing the abroad with the traditional and verified by the fact of breeding, which should be used the traditional breeding method and polycross, the selection emphasis should be plant height, days to heading and combinations in earlier generations, and panicles/plant, spikelets/panlcle, grains/panicle, fertility and single plant in advanced generations. Slmultanlously the 14 parents were evaluated and were proposed good GCA's parents of IRAT216, IRAT104, Tos 2300, Mengwangu. At last. it was discussed that the effect of GCA, SCA to different breeding strategy, the possibility of improving Yunnan upland rice by crossing irrigated rice with upland rice.