原生质体在作物改良上的应用

Application of Protoplast in Crop Improvement

植物原生质体（ｐｒｏｔｏｐｌａｓｔ）是除去细胞壁而仅为原生质膜所包围的裸露细胞。由于失去了细胞壁这个屏障，因而使其具有了一般植物细胞所不具备的优点，不仅成为植物生理学、细胞生物学、体细胞遗传学等理论研究的理想材料，而且也成为生物工程及作物改良的有效手段，本文在参考大量文献资料的基础上，从原生质体融合、遗传转化、无性系变异及超低温保存等几个方面综述了原生质体应用于作物改良的特点及研究现状，展望了其应用前景。

Plant protoplast is the exposed cells covered with protoplasmatic membraqnce with the removement of the cell wall. Without the shelter of the cell wall,the protoplast with the advantages which other plant cells do not have, becomes not only ideal materials for theoretical research in plant physiology, cytophysiology and somatic genetics, but also the effective means for genetic engineering and crop improvement. This paper reports on the basis of a large amount of literatures, applied research situation of protoplast in crop improvement on the aspects of protoplast fusion, gentic transformation clonal variance of somatic cells.and the preservation under extralow temperature, and also has looked into the prospect of its application in the future.