西藏一江两河地区农牧复合生态系统结构分析

Analysis of the structure of compound agriculture-herding ecological system in the YLN Region of Tibet

利用实地调查,文献分析的研究方法,分析西藏一江两河地区种植业结构和畜牧业结构。结果表明:种植业结构已由粮经二元结构变为粮经饲三元结构;畜牧业结构变化幅度不大;该区农牧复合系统内“粮食作物以谷物占绝对比重,经济作物以油菜为主,均表现出明显的单一性;畜种结构单一,为牛、羊占绝对比重的草食型畜群结构”。结构调整建议为:降低粮食作物特别是麦类作物的播种面积,增加经济作物尤其是蔬菜和水果及饲料作物的播种面积,使粮经饲比达到50∶20∶30;引草入田,推广粮草轮作制度;增加猪及禽类的饲养量,逐步建立耗粮型与草食型相结合的畜种结构的建议。

The article analyzed the planting structure and animal husbandry structure in the ＂YLN＂ Region of Tibet by means of survey practically and analyze document. Result showed： the animal husbandry structure has little change. The planting structure has been converted from the duality of ＂food crop-economics crop＂ to the tripllcity of ＂food crop-economics crop-forage crop＂. Several problems were be found in the compound agriculture-herding ecological system of this area： The grain crop is the dominant crop in cereals structure, while rape is dominant crop in economic crop, both are very single; the structure of animal husbandry is also monotonous, it＇s dominated by grass eating animal such as sheep and cattle. Based on the results, this article suggested： reduction the acreage of food crops, especially wheat crops; increasing economics crops acreage, particular vegetable and fruit and fodder crops acreage, adjust the proportion of ＂food crop-economics crop-forage crop＂ to 50：20：30; Planting grass fields, promotion of forage rotation system; increase the volume of pig and poultry farmers. Gradually establish a grain-eating and plant-consuming combination livestock herding structure.