中国英语学习者词汇翻译的认知机制探讨

A study on cognitive mechanism of word translation in Chinese-English bilinguals

本研究通过三个实验考察了英语学习者词汇翻译过程的认知机制。实验1发现,表象值的高低会影响词汇翻译过程的不对称性。对高表象值的单词来说,正向翻译与反向翻译的加工速度没有差异;对低表象值的单词来说,正向翻译的反应速度显著慢于反向翻译。实验2和实验3将翻译过程进一步分成刺激解码、翻译转换和反应输出三个阶段,并分别通过词汇判断、图片命名、词汇命名等任务考察两种语言在刺激解码和反应输出阶段的加工过程,发现这两个阶段均存在差异。对于高表象值的单词,正向和反向翻译在刺激解码阶段和反应输出阶段的差异可以相互抵消。

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the cognitive mechanism of word translation in Chinese-English Bilinguals.In the first experiment it was found that the imageability of a word played an important role in the asymmetry of word translation.For the high-imageable words,there was no difference between the latency of forward translation and that of backward translation.For low-imageable words,however,the latency of forward translation was significantly longer than that of backward translation.The process of word translation was further divided into three steps:word decoding,transform,and response.The difference between the two languages at the first and the last step was addressed by using tasks of lexical decision,picture naming and word naming,and a significant difference was found at both steps.The results suggest that for high-imageable words the difference between two translations at both steps may counteract with each other.