电力需求短期分时价格弹性的特性及其应用

Properties of Short-term TOU Price Elasticities of Electricity Demand and Their Application

运用生产经济学中的要素派生需求理论,论证了电力需求对峰谷电价短期价格弹性的特性,揭示了自弹性和交叉弹性之间的关联性,得到各时段自弹性与交叉弹性之和为0的结论,其物理意义是各时段电价等幅变化在短期内不改变用户的日用电分布。作为上述结论的应用,提出了在季节性峰谷电价定价中,在达到一定负荷控制目标的同时调节电力公司和用户效益分享比例的方法。最后对短期价格弹性的特性进行了实例验证,并对所提出的季节性峰谷定价方法给出了数字算例。

By implementing the theory of derived demands of factors in production economics, the properties of short-term price elasticities of electricity demand under time-of-use （TOU） rates are deduced, and the correlation between the own and cross price elasticities is revealed. It is derived that in every period the own and cross price elasticities sum up to zero, which means that adjusting of the TOU rates by a same amplitude does not, in short-term, change the daily electricity demand distribution of the consumers. As an application of the above conclusion, a seasonal TOU pricing method is presented, which can realize the goal of load control while adjust the benefit shares among the utility and electricity users. In the end, the short-term price elasticity properties are verified by a real case study, and a numerical example is offered for illustrating the presented seasonal TOU pricing method.