不同品代水牛奶理化性质的研究

Study on physical and chemical properties of buffalo milk from different breeds and generations

研究了摩拉水牛、尼里-拉菲水牛、一代杂交水牛、二代杂交水牛、高代杂交水牛等5个品代水牛奶的理化性质。结果表明,杂交水牛奶的全乳固体、乳脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖的平均值均高于纯种摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛,杂交水牛奶的灰分总体高于纯种河流型水牛,在杂交水牛中,由高到低的顺序为:一代杂、二代杂、高代杂。纯种摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛之间的全乳固体、乳脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖差异不显著(P>0.5),而杂交水牛的全乳固体、乳脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖与纯种河流型水牛相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。各品代水牛之间钙、磷含量的差异不显著(P>0.5),但从总体上看,杂交水牛的含量要高于纯种河流型水牛,杂交水牛中又以杂交一代水牛为最高。各品代水牛奶的各种氨基酸含量随蛋白质总量的变化而变化,除杂交水牛之外,各品代水牛之间的各种氨基酸比例比较接近。各品代水牛奶的密度平均值变化范围为1.028～1.032;酸度平均值变化范围是15.36～19.82°T;pH值的平均值变化范围从6.46～6.88;黏度平均值的变化范围由2.44～3.11 Pa.s。

In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of buffalo milk from Murrah buffalo, Nili-P,.avi buffalo, first filial generation buffalo （F1）, second filial generation buffalo （F2）, high filial generation buffalO （Fh） were researched. The results show that the mean value of whole milk solids, butterfat, protein and lactose of milk from crossbred buffalo is higher than those from pure Murrah and Nili-Ravi buffalo, and the highest value of ash of milk from crossbred buffalo is F1, and followed by F2 and Fh, which in general is higher than those from pure river type buffalo. No significant difference （P〉0.5） is in whole milk solids, butterfat, protein and lactose of milk between pure Murrah and Nili-Ravi buffalo whereas significant difference （P〈0.05） is in those contents of milk between crossbred and pure buffalo. The difference of Ca and P contents among buffaloes of different breeds and generations is not significant （P〉0.5）, but in general the contents of Ca and P of milk from crossbred buffalo is higher than that from pure river type buffalo, in which it is highest from F1. Amino acids of milk from buffalo of dif- ferent breeds and generations vary with the change of total protein contents. Except crossbred buffalo, the percentage of amino acids of milk from buffalo of different breeds and generations are close. The range of mean value of the consistence is 1.028-1.032, the acidity is 15.36- 19.82°T, the pH is 6.46-6.88 and the viscosity is 2.44-3.11 Pa·s.