论汉代露布

A Study of Loubu in the Han Dynasty

露布在汉代一般用于某些上呈的奏章或朝廷下达的诏令,它是下达或上呈时将内容公开化的一种信息传播方式。汉代露布的独特之处在于:它并不用于军事信息的传播,而主要用于时政信息的传播。这些时政信息涉及到皇帝号召公开传布的赦赎令信息和大臣们有关时政的公开意见性信息,如皇帝丧葬礼仪的奏请、大臣在国有大丧时的政治表态及对有关官员的举报和揭露等。元魏以后的露布主要用于军事传播。汉代露布在传播内容、传播特点、传播方式、传播作用等方面与元魏以后的露布有着诸多的不同之处。

Loubu in the Han Dynasty was used as a memorial submitted to the throne or an order issued by the imperial court and it was a medium of spreading information by publicizing its contents. The unique feature of the Loubu in the Han Dynasty was that it was not used to spread military information, but instead, to communicate the information on politics and government. This type of information involved decrees for pardon issued openly by the emperor and ministers＂ open opinions about the current government and politics, such as a report to the throne about the emperor＇s funeral and ceremonies and proprieties, a minister＇s political commitment when conducting a state funeral and a repotr on an officials＂ offence, etc. The Loubu of dynasties after the Northern Wei Dynasty was chiefly used in the spreading of military information. The difference between these types of Loubu and that in the Han Dynasty lies in the contents, traits, manners and functions of the information communicated.