美术治疗及其在特殊儿童教育中的应用

The Application of Art Therapy in Educating Exceptional Children

作为一种重要的艺术疗法,美术治疗鼓励、引导当事人通过绘画、雕塑等美术活动表达出难以言表的情感,并围绕创作过程和作品与治疗师开展互动,以达到协调、整合其身心的治疗目的。目前,美术治疗在欧美已广泛用于特殊儿童的康复和教育,这对我国的特教实践具有重要的借鉴意义。将美术治疗应用于特殊儿童时,需注意以下几点:构建安全的环境,提供合适的材料;给予无条件的支持与接纳,建立相互信任的关系;通过游戏引导美术创作活动;鼓励并尊重儿童自己对作品的解释。

As an important type of arts therapies, art therapy encourages and guides individuals to express their nonverbal emotions via activities like drawing, clay sculpture, etc... Individuals interact with the art therapist via the creation process and art works, so as to achieve harmony and conformity between body and mind. Currently, art therapy has been widely used in the rehabilitation and education of exceptional children in Europe and America. This serves as an inspiration for special education in China. While applying art therapy to exceptional children, the followings should be considered ： A safe structural environment, supply of suitable materials, unconditional support and acceptance, trust in relationship, using play to facilitate creative activities in arts, and encouragement and respect to children＇ s explanation of their works.