青海出土吐蕃木棺板画的初步观察与研究

Preliminary Observations and Studies on the Wooden Coffin Paintings of Tubo Dynasty Excavated in Qinghai Province

青海近年来出土了若干例吐蕃时期墓葬的木棺板画,已有学者对此作过初步研究,但观点颇存歧义。文章联系汉藏文献以及中原和北方民族的相关考古材料再作探讨,提出这批木棺板画所反映的不是一般所谓“社会生活场景”,而是流行于吐蕃本土的苯教丧葬仪轨影响到吐蕃所征服和占领地区的直观反映;墓葬主人的族源应为北方鲜卑系统的吐谷浑人,但其在受到吐蕃文化影响的同时,还受到来自中原与西域文化的影响,反映了青海吐蕃文化的多元因素。

Some examples of painted wooden coffins of Tubo Dynasty recently excavated in Dulan, Qinghai Province. Some scholars have made their preliminary studies on these paintings, but the explanations are quite different. In this article, the author gives a further study on these paintings integrating both Chinese and Tibetan texts with related archaeological materials on nationalities in central China mainland and north China. The author thinks that what these wooden coffin paintings reflect is not the usual so - called ＂scene of social life＂. It reveals intuitively the influence of Bon funeral rituals which prevailed in Tibet proper on tbose areas occupied or controlled by Tubo Dynasty. The origin of the owner of the tomb should be the Tuyuhun of Xianbei of north China. However, besides the influences from Tubo Tibetan culture, simultaneously Tuyuhun culture also received the influences from central China mainland and central Asia. These paintings reveal different multicultural elements in Tubo culture in Qinghai.