乌玛观念与伊斯兰宗教共同体的构建

The Concept of Ummah and the Construction of Islamic Religious Community

“乌玛”是伊斯兰思想体系中最重要的观念之一,对伊斯兰社会的形成和发展具有重要影响。《古兰经》确立了“乌玛”作为伊斯兰宗教共同体的观念,而麦地那时期乌玛观念的实践则为穆斯林后代树立了典范。在古代伊斯兰社会,大征服和帝国的伊斯兰化虽使伊斯兰乌玛的规模得到扩大,但政权分立、教派分化和族裔对立却使统一的乌玛走向分裂。近代以来西方的入侵和控制以及伊斯兰世界民族主义和世俗主义思潮的兴起,大大激发了伊斯兰世界重建乌玛的激情和斗志。为此,他们不断尝试泛伊斯兰主义、现代伊斯兰主义以及全球化时代以信息网络为依托的伊斯兰统一。

＂Ummah＂, one of the most important concepts in Islamic ideology, has been playing an important role in the emergence and development of the Islamic society. Ummah was established as the concept of Islamic religious community in the Holy Quran, and its practice during Medina Period set an example for the following generations of Muslims. In ancient Islamic society, the Islamic Ummah was expanded in size through the Great Conquest and empire＇s Islamization, but the separation of power, sectarian fractionalization and ethnic conflicts led to the split of the unified Ummah. Since the beginning of modern times, the invasion and control of the West as well as the rise of nationalism and secularism in the Islamic world have greatly stimulated the enthusiasm and morale of the Islamic world to reconstruct the Islamic Ummah,. For this reason, they have been trying to practice pan-Islamism, modern Islamism, and Islamic unity based on information network in the context of globalization.