引进新西兰安哥拉山羊改良国内安哥拉山羊的研究

Study on Improving Domestic Breeding Flock by Introducing Angora Goat from New Zealand

为了克服国内安哥拉山羊育种群近亲交配与产毛量过低等问题,1999年从新西兰引进优秀安哥拉山羊种羊48只,并用其中的部分公羊与陕西省育种群母羊进行交配,所产一代羔羊的生长发育与原种群无明显差异,其公羔初生重、断奶重、周岁体重分别为(2.37±0.37)kg,(12.55±2.07)kg,(21.57±3.34)kg,母羔相应的体重指标分别为(2.14±0.36)kg,(11.61±1.50)kg,(19.26±4.05)kg。周岁时,导血公、母羊的产毛量分别为(2.69±0.26)kg,(1.63±0.33)kg,比原种群分别高23.39%和33.61%;被毛髓毛含量(两型毛+有髓毛)分别为(0.49±0.36)%和(1.23±0.91)%,明显低于原种群;死毛含量分别为(1.09±0.36)%和(1.47±0.81)%,与原育种群接近;毛纤维平均细度分别为(28.20±1.66)μm和(25.98±3.10)μm,与原种群无明显差异。研究表明,导入1/2引进安哥拉山羊血液,虽然未能改进国内安哥拉山羊的体增重、马海毛细度和死毛含量,但可降低被毛中有髓毛含量及提高马海毛产量。

In order to resolve a serial of problems, such as the inbreeding coefficient of domestic breeding flock increasing too rapidly and low fleece yield comparing with oversea, 48 well-bred Angora goats including 16 bucks and 32 does were introduced from New Zealand in 1999. The introduced bucks mated with the domestic Shaanxi province breeding flock does and produced offspring, the birth body weight, wean body weight and yearling body weight of the male kids and female kids is （2.37± 0.37） kg,（11. 55±2.07） kg, （21.57±3.34） kg and （2.14±0. 36） kg, （11.61±1.50） kg,（19. 26± 4.05） kg respectively, there is no difference comparing to the growing and development of the origin breeding flock kids . The fleece yield of yearling bucks and does are （2.69±0.26） kg and （1.63± 0. 33） kg respectively and have increased 23.39% and 3.61% respectively comparing with those of the origin breeding flock. The fiber diameter of yealing bucks and does are （28.20±1.66） μm and （25.98±3.10） μm, the kemp content of yealing bucks and does are （1.090±. 36）% and （1.47±0.81）%, the medullated wool（Part. Med＋ Med） content of yealing bucks and does are （0.49 ± 0. 36）% 和 （1.23 ±0.91） % respectively. The fiber diameter and the kemp content closed to those of origin breeding flock, the medullated wool was low than that of origin breeding flock. The results demonstrated that the Angora goats from New Zealand can improve the fleece yield of the origin Shaanxi Angora goats breeding flock and reduce the medullated wool content, but not improve the fine of the mohair and not increase the body weight and weight increment of the offspring. The product level of Angora goats breeding flock can improved through inducing well-bred Angora goats from abroad and improving the management conditions.