树莓和黑莓根际AM真菌的空间分布研究

Ecological Research of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi from the Rhizosphere of Raspberry and Blackberry

通过分析陕西省武功县的图拉明、威廉姆特2种树莓品种和百胜、黑巴提2种黑莓品种根际AM真菌空间分布和定殖程度,研究了AM真菌分布和定殖与植物种类和土壤因子间的相关性.样品分别从0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm和30～40 cm 4个土层中采集.结果表明,AM真菌的空间分布和定殖模式与植物种类密切相关,总体上黑莓与AM真菌的共生能力明显高于树莓,黑莓以百胜定殖率最高,达83%;树莓的威廉姆特与AM真菌的共生能力较图拉明强,定殖率分别为49%和23%.孢子密度最高发生在图拉明根际,平均17个/g土.土壤采样深度对孢子密度和菌丝、泡囊和总定殖率有显著影响,最高定殖率发生在0～10 cm土层,而最大孢子密度出现在10～20 cm土层.孢子密度与菌丝、泡囊定殖率及总定殖率呈极显著负相关.土壤速效P与菌丝和泡囊定殖率呈极显著正相关,与总定殖率呈显著正相关;有机质与菌丝、泡囊定殖率及总定殖率呈极显著正相关;土壤碱解N和pH与AM真菌定殖和孢子密度没有显著相关性.AM真菌不同结构的定殖程度和孢子密度,可作为土壤环境监测的微观指标.

This study assesses and compares the response of AM fungi to different plant and its abiotic environment by analysing soil samples collected in a field study in Wugong, Shaanxi province. Soil sample in the rhizosphere of Raspberry-Tulameen, Willamette and blackberry-Boysen, Blackbuttee were collected in 4 replicates and divided a depth of 40cm to 4 sections, i.e. 0-10,10-20,20-30 and 30-40 cm in the rhizosphere of each plant. The result showed that different plant species significantly affected AM fungal colonization and spore density. The symbiosis between AM fungi and blackberry were superior to raspberry in total. The highest AM fungal colonization was Boysen, 83%; and the symbiosis between AM fungi and Willamette were superior to Tulameen, the percent colonization of them were 49% and 23%, respectively. Spore density of AM fungi reached maximal values of 17 pre lg soil in the rhizosphere of Tulameen. At the tested soil depths, the highest AM fungal colonization occurring at the 0-10 cm section did not coincide with higher spore density existing at the 10-20cm section. Sampling depth of soil had a significant effect on spore density and the percent colonization of total, hyphae and vesicle. Spore density exhibited a negative effect on hyphae, vesicle and total percent colonization. While soil available P had a significant positive correlation with hyphae and vesicle percent colonization, and positive effect on total percent colonization. Soil organic matter had a significant positive effect on hyphae, vesicle and total percent colonization. Soil alkali solution N and pH did not exhibit a correlation with AM fungal colonization or spore density. We suggest that the different structures of AM fungi and spore density can be regarded as micro-index of soil environmental monitoring.