山地水平沟小麦增产规律的研究

Studies on Yield Increase Laws of Winter Cultivated by Level Furrows in Mountain Land

通过1987、1988两年试验证明:山坡地水平沟种植小麦增产作用显著,亩产比平播增产7%以上,采用机械带肥播种或畜犁开沟施肥溜籽播种,出苗整齐,亩基本苗比平播田多33.3%。水平沟小麦播种时施肥集中,沟垄拦蓄降水,0—40cm土壤含水量高于平播田2.2—0.2%,0—10cm地温高于平播田0.83℃—0.07℃。水平沟小麦春发能力增强,春季亩总茎数高出平播田9.1%,干物质积累量高出平播田60.3%,亩成穗数高出平播田2.6%,穗粒数高出平播1.3个,千粒重增重0.9克。在10°,14°,22.7°三种坡度分别采取三种行距规格播种,小麦亩产量随坡度增大和播种行距的加宽呈正相关。亩施肥N2.5+P1.25公斤,N3.5+P1.75公斤,N4.5+P2.25公斤,施肥量同亩产呈正相关,亩产增长率高达49.75%,其中以亩施N2.5+P1.25公斤产出效益最好,边际产值最高。这种投肥水平,在渭北旱原和黄土高原丘陵沟壑地区具有广泛的推广应用价值。

Two years experiments in the years 1987-1988 proved that weat cultivatedby level furrows in sloping land had a remarkable yield increase with a yieldincrease fo 7% per mu higher than level cultivation.Wheat planted by wheatseeder with fertilizer applied or animal pulling plow to open furrows withfertilizer added to and seeds planted has a uniform seed emergence.Per mubasic seedlings are 33.3% higher than those by level planting.When levelfurrow planting wheat was carried out,fetrilizer application was concentrated.Riges and furrows can check and store rainfall water.Thus,moisture contentsin 0-40 cm are 2.2-0.2% higher than that in level planting field.And soiltemperature in 0-10 cm soil layer is 0.85℃-0.07℃ higher than that in levelplanting field.Spring tillering adility of wheat in level furrow field isstrengthened Total stems per mu in spring are 9.1% higher than those inlevel planting wheat field;dry matter accumulation is 60.3%higher than thatin the levelplanting wheat field;permu ears are 2.6% higher than those in thelevel planting wheat field;grains per ear is 1.3 higher in the level plantingwheat fields;and 1000 grain weight increases 0.9 gram.Three kinds of spacesare adopted to plant winter wheat in three types of sloping lands with 10°,14°,and 22.7℃.Wheat yield is in positive correlation with increasing slopes andwidening spaces.Per mu fertilizer added to is N2.5+P1.25kg,N3.5+P1.75kg,N4.5+P2.25kg.Fertilizer application is also in positive correlation with per muyield.Per mu yield increase rate reaches 49.25%,of which N2.5+P1.25kgapplied to per mu produces the best outputs with a marginal productive value.This kind of fertilizer input level is of extensively great values of extensionon the Weibei Highland and in hilly and gully regions on the Loess Plateau.