乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品行为特征及其影响因素

CHARACTERISTICS OF AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SHARING INJECTION EQUIPMENT AMONG DRUG USERS IN URUMQI,XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION,CHINA

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品的行为特征及其影响因素。方法:于2004年9-10月,应用结构式问卷调查乌鲁木齐市吸毒者的人口学特征、首次吸毒前的吸烟和饮酒情况;首次吸毒和首次静脉注射毒品及共用注射器具注射毒品的行为特征及相关因素等。结果:提供知情同意书的509名吸毒者中,既往共用器具注射吸毒者占59.5%(303/509)。近3个月有新的共用器具注射毒品伙伴者占17.3%(88/509);共用器具注射毒品≥5次者占14.9%(76/509);近3个月33.2%(169/509)的调查对象共用器具注射毒品;直接共用者占27.9%(142/509),间接共用者占23.2%(118/509)。Logistic回归模型结果显示,与共用器具注射毒品≥5次有统计学意义的变量是年龄(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.07-2.91)和文化程度(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.15-0.64);与直接共用有关的变量是近6个月工作(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.38-0.86)、年收入(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.38-0.86)和15a以前开始吸烟(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.18-2.72);与间接共用有关的变量是民族(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.37-0.92)和近6个月工作(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.40-0.92)。结论:乌鲁木齐地区吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品比例高;年龄、文化程度、稳定的工作和年收入及15a以前开始吸烟与共用注射器具吸毒有关。提示:推广高危行为干预和强化个体化降低毒品危害咨询的必要性。

Objective： To explore the characteristics of and factors associated with sharing equipment among drug users in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Method： From September to October 2004, 509 drug users in detoxification centers were interviewed by trained health workers. Each participant completed an informed consent and a structured questionnaire which was used to collect data of demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking before initial drug use, age at initial drug use, injectiing drug use and sharing of injection equipment. Results： Of 509 participants, 59. 5% （303/509）shared injection equipment in the life time. In the last 3 months, 17.3% （88/509） drug users had new partners to share injections with and 14. 9% （76/509） shared injections more than 5 times; 33.2% （ 169/509 ） drug users shared injections; direct sharing was 27.9% （ 142/509 ） and indirect sharing was 23.2% （118/509）. In multivariate Logistic model, age（ OR = 1.77, 95% CI： 1.07 -2.91） and education （ OR = 0. 31, 95% CI： 0. 15 - 0. 64） were associated with sharing injections more than 5 times last 3 months. Having a job in the last 6 months（ OR = 0.57, 95% CI： 0. 38 -0. 86）, yearly income（OR = 0. 58, 95% CI：0. 38 -0. 86） and smoking cigarettes at the age of less than 15 before initial drug use （ OR = 1.79, 95% CI ： 1.18 - 2. 72） were associated with direct sharing of injections. Ethnic （ OR = 0. 58, 95% CI ： 0. 37 - 0. 92 ） and having a job in the last 6 months（OR = 0. 61, 95% CI： 0.40 - 0. 92 ） were associated with indirect sharing of injections. Conclusion： The rate of sharing injection equipment is high among local drug users, which has relation with age, education level, stable job, annual income and smoking before 15 years old. To widen high risk behavior intervention and individual harm reduction counseling is necessary.