对斯诺“两种文化”理论的批判与反思

The Criticize and Introspection towards "Two cultures" Theory Raised by Snow

斯诺的"两种文化"的理论一直被视为"斯诺命题"在学术界所讨论,从这一点来看斯诺的两种文化理论确实值得研究与探讨。尤其在科学迅猛发展的当今社会,更具有现实意义。斯诺在分析产生两种文化的原因的问题上十分具有洞察力,但是存在问题的地方并不是现象本身,而是问题的前提,即"两种文化"作为命题的前提预设的模糊性。病因的根结就在于斯诺恪守了传统认识论二分法的立场,把人类的文化归结为"二"。要认识和掌握全面的科学文化,就必须跳出狭隘的科学观、文化观。应该从科学文化的总体性出发来审视科学与人文,这样就不难发现在人类文化的大系统下,两者是不能分而治之的。

Two cultures theory has been regarded as the proposition of Snow being discussed in academic world by many people. So at this point of view, the theory of Two cultures is worthy to research and discuss and has its real meaning, especially facing the sudden and violent development of scicnce in the present - day society. When analyzing why two cultures came into being, Snow showed his great insight. But it was not the phenomenon itself but the prerequisite of this theory, which had some problems, that is, the fuzzy in premise when using two cultures theory as a proposition. The root of this problem was the position of Snow who insisted on the epistemology which is the theory that everything divides into two. As a result, he made a conclusion ＂Two＂ for the culture of human beings. Only by jumping out of the narrow outlook of science and culture, can we understand and master the overall scientific culture. We should also observe the relationship between science and humanity carefully and generally, so that we will easily find that we cannot treat science and humanity separately when we are in a sophisticate system of human culture.