中国国有企业改革的制度供给与需求分析

Analysis on Institutional Supply and Demand of Chinese SOE Reform

通过对国有企业建国以来、尤其自改革开放至今体制演变进程及改革成效的回顾,认为国有企业改革成效不大的主要原因在于制度的需求不旺和供给不足。运用制度变迁理论——诱致性制度变迁和强制性制度变迁,着重分析了国企改革的制度供求关系不协调的现实原因,进而提出政企分开,增加制度供给,完善市场机制,让国有企业成为市场的竞争主体,充分参与市场竞争是国企改革的重要途径。

Through review of the evolvement of State Owned Enterprise （SOE） system since the foundation of the State, especially reform and opening to the outside, it＇s shown that the poor effectiveness of SOE reform were primarily caused by insufficient institutional supply and lack of institutional demand. Based on institutional change theory, including induced institutional change and imposed institutional change, the reason of inconsistent institutional supply and demand relation of SOE reform is specially analyzed. Moreover, a suggestion is proposed that the primary way to implement effective Chinese SOE reform should be separation of the government and enterprises, increase of institutional supply, improvement of competition market system, that make the SOEs the principal parts of market economics and adequately involve in competition.