山西旱地休闲期资源可持续开发利用研究──Ⅰ.气候资源评价与土壤水分变化

Exploitation and Utilization of the Resources in the Fallow Period in Rainfed Area in Shanxi Ⅰ.Assessment of Climatic Resources and Fluctuation of Soilwater

以浮山县为例探讨了旱地休闲期气候资源和降水-贮水-蒸发的关系。结果表明，休闲期资源浪费严重，试区夏季休闲期达80天，冬春休闲期230天，分别占全年总数的21．92％和63．01％；太阳总辐射占全年的27．4％和41．8％；≥0℃积温占全年的32％，≥10℃积温占全年的48．9％；夏季休闲期降水占全年降水的55％，冬春休闲期占30．8％；夏闲田土壤水分蒸发量占同期降水的59．25％，冬春休闲田土壤水分蒸发量为同期降水的90％，周年休闲田土壤水分蒸发量是同期降水量的1．1倍以上。从保护开发利用土壤水入手，是提高资源利用率，实现旱地农业高效持续发展的有效途径。

The relationship between climatic resources and rainfall - conservation - evaporationcontinuum in fallow period was studied and Fushan County was taken as an example for the rainfed area. Results showed that waste of resources in the fallow period was enormous. Duration ofsummer fallow period and winter fallow period is 80 and 230 days respectively, i. e., it takes21. 9% and 63. 0% of a year. Solar radiation is 27. 4% and 41. 8% of that of a year. Accumulated temperature greater than 10℃ and0℃ is 48. 9% and 32. 0%. The percentage of rainfall inthe two periods is 55. 0% and 30. 8%. Evaporation in the two periods is 59. 3% and 90. 0% ofthat in the same duration. Evaporation of annual fallow is 1. 1 times of rainfall in the same time.Soilwater protection, exploitation and utilization are the centre for raising resource use efficiencyand for realizing high-effective and sustainable development of rain fed agriculture.