特大干旱年旱地冬小麦施肥效应及需肥特点

Effects of Fertilizers on Rainfed Winter Wheat and Its Reuqirement Characters in the Extremely Desiccative Year

采用四因子二次通用旋转组合设计，结合大田调查与土壤肥力测试，于1994～1996年在浮山县张庄乡，对特大干旱年旱地冬小麦的施肥效应及需肥特点进行了研究。结果表明：严重干旱情况下，氮、磷、钾及有机肥的增产效应都大幅度降低，从而使产量水平仅为142．1kg／亩，较丰水年（1995～1996年）减产57．4％。在需肥特点上，大旱年则表现出严重的失衡现象，即磷、钾肥的增产效应显著大于氮肥，有机肥则介于其间。有机肥在3000～6000kg／亩范围内有显著的增产效应。施钾肥可提高小麦产量16．8％～67．2％。进一步提出了优化施肥方案。

Effect of fertilizers on rain fed winter wheat and its requirement characters in an extremely desiccative year were studied in 1994~ 1996 by using regression design and field investigation. The results showed that: (1 ) Yield increasing effects of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and organic fertilizers are significantly decreased under extremely dry condition. The decreasing rate can reach up to 57. 4%. (2) The severe dryness results in a severe disequilibrium ofwheat requirement for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, i. e., phosphorus and potassiumhave significant yield-increasing effects but nitrogen has no. It is worth notice that organic fertilizer has obvious positive correlation with grain yield, and that potassium is necessary for an extremely desiccative year. Optimal application of these fertilizers was suggestod in the paper.