黑龙江流域的生态脆弱性及林业对策

ECOLOGICAL FRAGILITY OF AND FORESTRY STRATEGIES FOR HEILONGJIANG BASIN

在我国４大水系中，黑龙江流域的生态脆弱性最为突出。其水资源不丰，自净能力低，土层薄且结构疏松，最不耐冲蚀；植被恢复能力低。如此的自然条件，加之农业上长期的“重用轻养”，林业上的“重取轻予”，使资源过度消耗，生态环境明显恶化。为遏止恶化趋势并实现林业的持续发展，必须从根本上转变观念，树立人与自然和谐共进的自然观；确认林业不仅能生产经济产品，而且能生产特殊的生态产品和精神产品的职能，并因后两种产品不能直接进入市场流通，而必须在国民经济体系中建立公平的补偿制度；区域规划中应肯定山地森林以发挥水源涵养，水土保持作用为主，保证该区域山地水土保持安全的最低坡度值为６°；大力发展以“低耗高效”

From ecological viewpoint,the most fragile drainage among the four basins in China (those are Zhujiang,Changjiang, the Yellow River and Heilongjiang) is Heilongjiang Basin of which the water resource is not abundant and the capacity of self-cleanning is low.The soil is thin;its structure is soft so as not to endure erosion.It has low capacity to restore the vegetation.Additionally,“paying mor eattention to utilization rather than to maintaining”has been taken in agriculture;“Paying more attention to getting rather than to giving”has been taken in for estry for a longtime.The resources are consumed extravagantly.The ecological environments evidently worsen.To check the situation above and carry out sustainable development of forestry,we have to change the basic concepts,to set up the nature viewpoint of human evolution together with the nature,to comfirm that forestry can produces not only economic products but special ecological and spiritual products as well of which the latter two can not enter markets for circulation so that a compensation system must be se up in the national economic system,to confirm the soil and water conservation functions of mountainous forests are the key in region planning,to keep that the minimum slope is 6 degree for safeguard the soil and water of mountainous area,and forcefully to develop ecological forestry of which the core is “low expense but high efficiency”.