新疆艾比湖流域水资源利用与艾比湖演变

EVOLUTION OF EBINUR LAKE AND WATER RESOURCES USE OFF ITS DRAINAGE AREA

本文在综述艾比湖流域自然条件和自然分区、评价流域水资源(包括降水,地表水及地下水)的时空分布及流域经济发展现状的基础上,对水资源的承载能力作了平衡计算,包括农业、工业、城市及生活需水量以及输入艾比湖的水量。计算成果可供编制流域开发的长远规划参考。根据流域不同部位的水热条件,生态环境已存在及潜在的问题,对流域内不同部位的自然资源合理利用途径及生态环境的改善措施,分别提出了方向性的建议意见,例如山区可利用降水多的优势增加自然植被,大风通道可利用风力提水灌溉保证形成良好植被. 对艾比湖演变过程及演变原因,除分析入湖流量变化及湖的水量平衡外,考察了湖岸阶地分布,分析了历史资料及人类活动的影响,并对湖域演变造成的生态环境(如裸露的湖底正处于大风通道上)问题.作了分析和预测.艾比湖今后的演变是大家关心的问题,根据博尔塔拉河和精河径流量的年内分布(主要分析径流集中度集中期)特点,湖盆所处的低洼部位,有利的水文地质条件,予测今后相当长时期,只要有适当的保护措施,水域保持于500km^2左右是可能的. 在分析自然条件特点和生态环境问题的基础上,对流域及湖周地区生态系统的结构,阿拉山口大风及人类活动对生态环境的影响等问题,都作了专题性的深入分析,提出了改善生态环境的综合措施,特别是大风通道及湖岸地区。最后附有流域主要测站的流量、降水、蒸发等实测资料,作为基础数据可供广泛应用参考.

The research achievement of 'the water resources use of Ebinur drainage,and the evo-lution of Ebinur lake'include eight special topics and a comprehensive report.The compre-hensive report not only summaried the synopsis of the special Topics, it also analysed theinternal relations for main arguments and problems of the special topies on the foundationof abovementioned works, we put forward some effective measures for rational using water resources and promoting the ecological environment. On the basis of summing up the Characteristics of natural condition and drainagearea, the distribution of water resources(including precipitation, run-off and groundwater),and the present situation of economic development, we analysed and computedthe bearing capacity of water resources separately for water supply of agricultures, indus-tries, cities, daily life, and the incoming flows into Ebinur Lake.It is a refreence materialsfor drawing long-term developed program of Ebinur drainage area. According the distribution of water and heat, and the existing and potential problemsof the ecological environment, some directing measures for rational using natural re-sources and promoting ecological environment were put forward separaely for various areas. The evolutive process and cause of Ebinur lake had bean analysed by computing waterbalance, surveying lake terraces and analysing the effect of human activities. Accordingrunoff distribution of Bortala R.and Jing R.the low-lying situation of lake basin and thefavourable hydrogeologic condition, we forecast that the water surface area of Ebinur lakewill be maintained about 500km^2for a long period, if some protective measures will be as-sumed. On the basis of analysing the characteristics of natural condition and the problems ofecological environment we also analysed the structure of ecological system of lake basin,the destructive condition of ecological environment by gales from Alataw pass and by hu-man activies, and put forward some comprehensive measures, especially to the area ofgale passage.