小学三～五年级儿童类比问题解决及策略运用发展

A study on the development of analogical problem-solving and strategy using in grade 3～5 primary students

以270名小学三～五年级儿童为被试。采用问题解决类比任务范式，探讨了小学儿童类比问题解决及策略运用的发展趋势。结果发现：（1）在儿童类比问题解决质量的发展方面，不同年级儿童差异显著，四年级儿童成绩最好；而儿童类比问题解决速度则随着年级增高而加快；（2）儿童类比策略发展更符合混合模型；随着年级发展，儿童初级、中级和高级类比策略运用逐渐增加，而非类比策略运用渐少；儿童类比策略发展的“飞跃”发生在四到五年级之间；儿童策略运用的发展呈现出多样性、竞争性、适应性的特点。

The development of analogical problem-solving and strategy using of 270 children in primary 3 - 5 by using problem-solving paradigm was explored. The results were as follows： （1） Children in grade 4 had acquired best performance on the quality of the analogical problem-solving; with the grade, the speed of the analogical problem-solving was enhanced. （2） The development of strategies in analogical problem-solving was corresponded with the mixed model and the leap was between grade 4 and grade 5; children choose more analogical strategies over time; the changes in strategy using was variety, competing and also adaptive.