战略转型、政策选择与加工贸易——来自东亚与拉美的经验与教训

Strategic transition,policy selection and processing trade——based on the experience and lessons of East Asia and Latin America

本文分析了发展中经济体进行战略转型和通过加工贸易活动参与全球化进程而不是进行全面的贸易自由化的原因;通过对东亚和拉美地区的对比分析,指出提高农业劳动生产率的政策变革,适当的工资政策、物价政策和利用外资政策,决定了加工装配活动的成败,制定的促进后向联系和技术溢出的政策,对加工产业的升级有着重要影响。对中国大陆加工装配活动的分析表明,加工装配活动与进口替代战略没有必然联系,出口导向战略是开展该活动的必要条件,中国大陆开展的加工装配活动非常成功,但仍需解决加工产业的升级与转移问题。

This paper analyses the reasons that the developing economic entity participates in the economic globalization course by means of strategic transition and processing trade. By contrasting and analysing the experience of East Asia and Latin American, the author points out that policy transform of enhancing agricultural labor productivity, proper wage and price policy, and utilizing FDI policy decide the success and failure of processing assembly activity. Experience of China mainland indicates that there is no inevitable relation between processing assembly activity and import substitute stratagem, export - oriented stratagem is the indispensable condition. The processing assembly activity is very successful in China mainland, but there are still some problems, such as upgrade and transition of processing industry, to be resolved.