定植期和定植密度对温室单头切花菊外观品质的影响

Effects of transplanting date and density on appearance quality of greenhouse single-flower cut chrysanthemum.

定植期和种植密度是影响切花菊外观品质的重要栽培措施.本文以单头切花菊‘神马＇（Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Shenma）为材料,研究定植期和密度对温室单头菊外观品质的影响.结果表明,在试验的定植期和密度范围内,随着定植期的延迟、密度的增加,单头菊株高增加,单株叶数、茎直径减小,单株鲜质量降低,花颈长度增加,花朵直径减小,但密度对株高的影响不大.在上海地区非加温温室单头切花菊生产中,以生产A级产品为目标的适宜定植期为8月中旬,适宜种植密度为64株·m^-2;以生产B级产品为目标的适宜定植期为8月中旬至9月初,适宜种植密度为72～80株·m^-2.本研究为建立基于光、温和密度的温室单头切花菊外观品质预测模型提供了参考.

Transplanting date and density are the important factors affecting the appearance quality of chrysanthemum. The study on the greenhouse single-flower cut chrysanthemum （ Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Shenma） showed that within the ranges of test transplanting date and density, the plant height and neck length increased, while the leaf number per plant, stem diameter, plant fresh mass and flower diameter decreased with the delay of transplanting date and the increase of transplanting density. No effect of transplanting density was observed on plant height. For the production of single-flower cut chrysanthemum in non-heated greenhouse in Shanghai, the optimal transplanting date and density to achieve the top rank of 64 plants · m^-2, and those to achieve the quality （ rank A） were the middle ten days of August and second rank of quality （ rank B） were from mid August to early September and 72 - 80 plants · m^ -2, respectively. The results obtained in this study offered references in establishing the prediction model of greenhouse single-flower cut chrysanthemum appearance quality based on light, temperature, and transplanting date and density.