城市地表灰尘的概念、污染特征与环境效应

Concept,pollution character and environmental effect of urban surface dust.

城市地表灰尘是重要的非点源污染之一,20世纪70年代就引起了国外学者的注意,研究成果颇丰,国内近年来虽然也取得了一些成果,但一直未能引起学术界的足够重视.本文从非点源污染研究的角度出发,对城市地表灰尘的概念提出了新的认识,并对国内外地表灰尘污染研究的发展阶段、研究现状等进行了系统的阐述与总结,提出了相应的研究重点及方向.城市地表灰尘是环境中污染物质的“源”、“汇”载体,包含特定的环境信息,对区域环境状况具有良好的指示作用.地表灰尘污染的研究应该成为我国城市生态环境研究的一个新的切入点,对城市生态和非点源污染管理有着重要的现实意义.

Urban surface dust is a major concern of urban non-point source pollution, which has been noticed by the scientists abroad since the 1970s, and many research achievements have been made. However, no sufficient recognition was given in China. This paper put forward a new idea about the concept of urban surface dust, summarized the development stages and present status of urban surface dust research both at home and abroad, and brought forward the key points and directions of further research. Urban surface dust is a complex environmental carrier, acting as the ＂sink＂ and ＂source＂ of pollutants. It is a valuable archive of environmental information, and can act as a useful indicator of local environmental pollution status. The study on urban surface dust should become a new focus of urban environment research in China, which is of significance in urban ecology and in the management of non-point source pollution.