女性尿失禁的流行特征及危险因素分析

Study on epidemiologic feature and risk-factors of urinary incontinence in female

目的调查太原地区成年女性尿失禁(UI)的患病率及其危险因素。方法按随机抽样方法对太原地区常住18岁以上744名女性进行问卷调查。采用女性尿失禁症状调查问卷。调查项目包括一般情况、与分娩有关的因素、尿失禁患病情况等。采用χ2检验进行各因素患病率及构成比的比较;采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析方法计算优势比(OR)值及95%可信区间(CI),确定与UI有关的危险因素,所有数据分析采用SPSS10.0统计软件进行。结果UI发生率为49.3%,其中压力性尿失禁(SUI)、急迫性尿失禁(UUI)、混合性尿失禁(MUI)发生率分别为31.6%、5.91%、11.8%。多因素结果显示年龄(OR:6.517;95%CI:4.323～9.824)、会阴撕裂(OR:1.981;95%CI:1.019～3.850)、绝经(OR:2.299;95%CI:1.291～4.093)、便秘(OR:5.405;95%CI:2.300～12.702)是尿失禁发生的危险因素,保护因素为临产前剖宫产(OR:0.532;95%CI:0.335～0.843)。结论女性尿失禁患病率高,尿失禁的发生与多种因素有关,尤其与年龄、会阴撕裂、绝经及便秘等因素关系密切,临产前剖宫产为保护因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence （UI） in female adults in Taiyuan. Methods A total of 744 female （age over 18 years old） were randomly sampled from Taiyuan residents and interviewed using a questionnaire. Data surveyed included demography, parturition-associated factors and prevalence of UI. Factor-specific UI prevalence and constitution ratios were analyzed by Chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions were used for calculation of odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, as well as determination of risk factors to UI. Data analysis was performed with SPSS I0.0 statistical software. Results The prevalence of UI was 49.3%, comprising 31.6% of stress UI （SUI）, 5.91% of urgency UI （UUI）, and 11.8% of mixed UI （MGI）. Multivariate regression indicated that age （OR： 6.517; 95%Ch 4.323-9.824）, perineum laceration （OR： 1.981; 95%CI： 1.019-3.850）, menopause （OR： 2.299; 95%Ch 1.291-4.093） and constipation （OR： 5.405; 95%Ch 2.300- 12.702） were risk factors to UI, whereas pre-labor Caesarean section was a protective factor （OR： 0.532, 95%CI： 0.335-0.843）. Conclusion The prevalence of UI was high in females investigated. A variety of factors were found to be associated with development of UI, particularly including age, perineum laceration, menopause and constipation, whereas pre-labor Caesarean section was found to he a protective factor.