虚拟现实技术在运动康复中的应用

Application of virtual reality in motor rehabilitation

目的:介绍虚拟现实技术在运动功能障碍的康复性训练领域的应用和新发展,讨论虚拟现实技术应用于运动康复的优势和前景。资料来源:应用计算机检索外文期刊PsycINFO和PubMed数据库1996/2006与虚拟现实技术在康复训练中应用相关的文章,检索语种为“English”,检索词为“motor rehabilitation,virtual reality”。检索中文期刊CNKI数据库1996/2006相关的文献,检索语种为中文,检索词为“康复,虚拟现实”。资料选择:根据摘要和关键词对资料进行初选,选择全面介绍虚拟现实技术的文章,以及近几年将虚拟现实技术应用于空间感知障碍和运动功能受损患者康复训练的实验研究报告。资料提炼:在上述3个数据库中分别检索到相关英文文献121篇,以及中文文献21篇,按上述标准纳入18篇,再继续搜索已有文献引用和被引用的参考文献,最后得到相关的中英文文献30篇。资料综合:30篇文献中,4篇文章详细介绍了虚拟现实技术在运动康复领域的应用,26篇实验报告了应用虚拟现实对受损的运动功能进行康复性训练的成效。按照运动康复的种类将研究报告分为4类:平衡和姿态训练、行走训练、上下肢康复训练和日常生活技能训练。通过模仿练习,感知运动受损的患者可以在虚拟环境中完成针对性训练任务,学会运动技能。在虚拟环境中习得的运动技能可以迁移到现实世界的真实任务中。结论:与传统康复训练方法相比,虚拟现实具有更安全、更有趣、针对性强、康复速度快、疗效好等优势。作为一种有效的运动康复技术手段,虚拟现实技术有很好的发展前景。

OBJECTIVE： To introduce the application and development of virtual reality （VR） in the field of rehabilitative training for motor dysfunction, and discuss the advantages and prospect of VR for motor rehabilitation. DATA SOURCES： Relevant literatures in PsyclNFO and PubMed published between 1996 and 2006 were searched by computer with the words of ＂virtual reality, motor rehabilitation＂ in English. While ralevant Chinese articles in CNKI between 1996 and 2006 were also searched with the words of ＂rehabilitation, virtual reality＂. STUDY SELECTION： The literatures were reviewed in the first screening and judged by abstract and keywords. The reviews contained comprehensive introductions on VR technology and the experimental reports on VR used for motor rehabilitation in recent yeas were selected. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 121 English literatures and 21 Chinese literatures were collected. And 18 literatures measured up were selected. With some other literatures citing or cited the selected papers, a total of 30 literatures were finally viewed. DATA SYNTHESIS： Among 30 included articles, 4 articles reviewed VR application for motor rehabilitation and the other 26 papers are experimental reports on VR for rehabilitative training of motor function injury. According to the content of motor exercises, the VR applications for motor rehabilitation are divided into four major categories： balance and posture training, locomotion training, upper and lower extremity function exercise, and training of activities of daily living. By imitating and performing motor exercises, patients with motor functional disabilities can complete specific training and learn motor skills within virtual environments. Movements and motor skills leamed by people with disabilities in virtual environment can transfer to real wodd. CONCLUSION： Compared motor rehabilitation in real world versus virtual environments, VR training has been found with some advantages, such as less dangerous, more interesting, and more customized. Motor training in VR can improve motor learning and rehabilitation rate. Thus VP technology can be a valuable tool for motor rehabilitation and will develop rapidly.