高水平400m自由泳比赛中“第1次加速”现象的思考

“The First Acceleration” in High Level 400m Freestyle Competition

运用文献资料法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对近10年国内外优秀400 m自由泳运动员共111人次的决赛成绩进行分析,探讨该项目配速方案的总体特征和阶段特征,尤其是“第1次加速”现象,旨在对今后我国该项目训练与配速研究提供理论参考。结论:大多世界级选手途中游段都存在“第1次加速”现象;世界优秀选手的竞技水平与其比赛中该现象的出现概率及提升幅度呈正相关;目前我国优秀选手大赛中暂无“第1次加速;”产生该现象的原因可能包括生理生化、比赛战术、心理状态等3个方面。

By the research on many documents of domestic and foreign and through the investigation of total and split times of 111 outstanding 400m freestyle athletes in last 10 years, this study inquired the collectivity and partial characters of pacing in 400m freestyle, especially ＂the first acceleration＂ in order to provide certainly reference for training and study. 4 conclusions were summarized. （1）In competition of the world level 400m freestyle athletes, ＂the first acceleration＂ was a commonly phenomena; （2）The athletics level of world outstanding athletes had positive correlation to probability and enhance degree of this phenomena; （3）Now, ＂the first acceleration＂ had not discovered in competition of domestic outstanding athletes; （4）The reasons of this phenomena may include physiology and biochemistry, competition tactics and psychological state.